From Concept to Implementation: ISU Civil Engineering Leading Research into Earthquake-Resistant Bridges

The new interchange features a precast concrete pier supporting the 222-foot long and 88-foot wide bridge spanning the Interstate. Unlike their cast-in-place counterparts, precast concrete components are cast off-site in controlled environments and transported to the construction site for final assembly. The pier is one of only a handful like it in the Gem State.

 "A precast pier system incorporates structural elements such as columns and girders in a Lego-like construction,” said Mustafa Mashal, associate professor of civil engineering at Idaho State and principal investigator on the project. “The connections between the elements are crucial for seismic resiliency. They must be strong enough to resist forces and deformations during an earthquake.” 

The initial concept for the piers was the brainchild of Leonard Ruminski, a former bridge designer with ITD who now works as a senior bridge engineer for Burgess & Niple. Collaborating with the researchers at Idaho State, he hypothesized that a concrete-filled steel pipe strategically placed in a critical location of the bridge inside the support would better dissipate the enormous stresses put on the piers during an earthquake. 

“At that time, the only method being used in Idaho for connecting a precast column with the pier foundation and pier caps required very precisely placed and proprietary couplers,” said Ruminski. “The precision needed to install the couplers was challenging and often resulted in construction delays. This new system uses only conventional materials and is much more straightforward to install, reducing amount of delays on a project.”  

Large-scale testing of the piers started in 2019 at ISU’s Structural Laboratory (SLAB). In the SLAB, Mashal and his students tested the idea, building 11-foot tall and 15-foot wide models of the piers as well as models of the more common cast-in-place bridges.

“The large-scale lab tests we carried out for this project were, and may still be, the largest ever conducted in Idaho,” said Mashal. 

Using a hydraulic actuator, the team set out to see how much force each model could take and how the models deformed before breaking, and in the end, the precast pier came out on top. After a promising batch of tests, the precast pier was incorporated into the design for the I-15 Fort Hall Interchange project.  

“Constructing a bridge is a lengthy process, and it can have significant impacts on traffic and the Fort Hall Interchange is a stretch of the I-15 corridor that can have significant traffic delays due to construction,” said Michael Johnson, State Bridge Engineer with the Idaho Transportation Department. “Typically, bridge piers take several months to construct and by using precast columns and bent cap beams, we were able to reduce this time to several weeks. In addition, most of the construction of the precast piers can be completed during lighter traffic hours, further reducing impacts on the travelling public and increasing safety for commuters and construction workers.”

The research program at ISU was led by graduate students Corey Marshall, Ali Shokrgozar, Kathryn Hogarth, and Jared Cantrell, former graduate student and current research engineer at Idaho State. Results were recently published in a paper authored by Mahesh Acharya, doctoral candidate, Jose Duran, masters student, Arya Ebrahimpour, professor of civil engineering and co-principal investigator, Cantrell, and Mashal in the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Journal of Bridge Engineering. 

“Thanks to the research performed by ISU, the new pier system promises to be adequate and quite superior in seismic performance compared to the conventional, currently used as a benchmark, cast-in-place piers,” Ruminski said. “The research results gave us enough confidence to incorporate this new system for the first time in the Fort Hall Interchange bridge replacement project, and I hope it will eventually gain in popularity in the upcoming projects in Idaho and other states.”   

“It’s brought me tremendous joy seeing the research I contributed to in the real world,” said Acharya. “It’s motivated me even more, to work hard and continue my research into building effective concrete systems for structures in seismically active regions."

In 2022, ITD funded a second research project at Idaho State investigating retrofitting precast and cast-in-place bridges with ultra-high performance concrete following an earthquake. Testing was carried out in the SLAB and completed in 2023. The researchers plan to publish their results soon. The research team on the second project consists of Mashal, principal investigator, Ebrahimpour, co-principal investigator, Cantrell, Hogarth, and Manish Acharya.

“ISU has been a leader in precast concrete research and education in the country,” said Mashal. “We have several ongoing collaborations with industry partners and look forward to helping implement more novel precast concrete technologies that are both seismically resilient and durable."

For more information on Idaho State University’s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, visit isu.edu/cee. 

Prospective students can schedule a campus tour at isu.edu/visit.